Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Parameters used for qRT-PCR of Trichomonas vaginalis peptidases.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-dimensional model for TvMP50 of Trichomonas vaginalis . ( A ) PIDDT values for the amino acid sequence of the structure modeled using Alphafold. ( B ) Active site, represented by the green marking. ( C ) Identification of amino acids from the enzyme’s active site. ( D ) Electrostatic charge on the surface of the TvMP50 calculated for pH values of 4 to 7. The red-white-blue scale refers to the minimum (−5 kT/e, red) and maximum (5 kT/e, blue) potentials of the surface.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-dimensional model for TvGP63 of Trichomonas vaginalis . ( A ) PIDDT values for the amino acid sequence of the structure modeled using Alphafold. ( B ) Active site, represented by the green marking. ( C ) Identification of amino acids from the enzyme’s active site ( D ) Electrostatic charge on the surface of the TvMP50 calculated for pHs 4 to 7. The red-white-blue scale refers to the minimum (−5 kT/e, red) and maximum (5 kT/e, blue) potentials of the surface.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docking pose with lower absolute energy (kcal·mol −1 ) and 3D interaction diagram of the compounds with the amino acids of TvMP50 and TvGP63 from Trichomonas vaginalis . ( A , E ) 1,10-phenanthroline, ( B , F ) phendione, ( C , G ) Ag-phendione, ( D , H ) Cu-phendione.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques:

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Docking pose with lower absolute energy (kcal·mol −1 ) and ( B ) 3D interaction diagram of the Cu-phendione with the amino acids of TvCP2 from Trichomonas vaginalis .

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques:

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docking results predicted by AutoDock Vina: binding affinity, interaction type, amino acid residue, and geometric distance (Å) for TvMP50 of Trichomonas vaginalis with test compounds.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Residue

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docking results predicted by AutoDock Vina: binding affinity, interaction type, amino acid residue, and geometric distance (Å) for TvGP63 of Trichomonas vaginalis with test compounds.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Residue

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docking results predicted by AutoDock Vina: binding affinity, interaction type, amino acid residue, and geometric distance (Å) for TvCP2 of Trichomonas vaginalis with test compounds.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Residue

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cu-phendione inhibits proteolytic activity in T. vaginalis . ( A ) Azocasein cleavage rate by parasites treated (12.5 μM) or not with Cu-phendione (CPh), pH 7.0, 37 °C for 90 min. ( B ) Cleavage of Phe-Arg substrate by parasite lysate at pH 5.0, 37 °C for 1 h. Results are expressed as arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU). ( C ) Cleavage of DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Met-Trp-Ser-Arg (MMP) substrate by parasite lysate at pH 9.0, 37 °C for 1 h. Results are expressed as arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU). CTL: Untreated control. FNT: 1,10-Phenanthroline. E-64: L-trans -epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido(4-guanidino) butane. (*) indicates statistically significant decrease (Student’s t- test; p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Zymogram of the effect of Cu-phendione on T. vaginalis peptidases. Peptidase zymograms with gelatin after 24 h of incubation of ATCC 30236 isolate treated or not with Cu-phendione at MIC (12.5 μM). The region marked by the square was cut out of the zymogram for gel digestion. MW: Molecular weights in SDS-PAGE without gelatin.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Incubation, SDS Page

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Peptidases from Trichomonas vaginalis found in the band demarcated in the zymogram ( Figure S1 ) and identified by mass spectrometry.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Molecular Weight, Ubiquitin Proteomics

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of the mRNA expression of calpain, cathepsin L, cathepsin D, cathepsin B, Gp63, and MP50 relative to the reference gene ( DNATopII ) in T. vaginalis treated with Cu-phendione. Statistically significant differences: (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.005; (****) p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: Peptidases Are Potential Targets of Copper(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Complex, a Promising and Potent New Drug against Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.3390/pathogens12050745

Figure Lengend Snippet: LDH release by the HMVII and VERO cell lineages after contact with Trichomonas vaginalis a .

Article Snippet: The analysis was performed on a G2-XS Q-TOF Xevo mass spectrometer ® and the identification was based on the genome database of T. vaginalis ( T. vaginalis G3, G3; ATCC PRA-98, WGS project AAHC01000000) held on the ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS) platform version 2.2.5 and Uniprot database ( https://www.uniprot.org/ , accessed on 9 November 2019).

Techniques:

Journal: Aquaculture International

Article Title: Utilizing outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as a vaccine to manage motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with evaluating the vaccine immunoprotective effectiveness

doi: 10.1007/s10499-024-01511-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7 Relative percent survival (RPS) of the OMPs and cont. groups raised sera in O. niloticus after chal- lenged with A. hydrophila. Cont. indicates control group and 1 to 5 indicate immunized groups

Article Snippet: The present study was undertaken to evaluate OMP protection against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) strain ATCC 7966 (A5 and A8) and A. hydrophila strain DSM 30,187 (A6).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Parasites & vectors

Article Title: Metabolomics analysis reveals changes related to pseudocyst formation induced by iron depletion in Trichomonas vaginalis.

doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05842-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Oligosaccharide metabolism in Trichomonas vaginalis cultured under different iron concentrations. The levels of oligosaccharides detected in this analysis are shown in bar charts. Significantly regulated compounds are shown in red (P < 0.05). The corresponding enzymes are listed by the arrows, and relative RNA expression levels (ID/IR) are indicated. Genes upregulated in ID cells are shown in red, while genes downregulated in ID cells are shown in green [5]. The gray compounds represented not being detectable in this analysis. Galactinol synthase is lacking in T. vaginalis

Article Snippet: Trichomonas vaginalis (ATCC_30236) was cultured in YIS medium containing iron (ferric ammonia citrate, 180 μM) or the iron chelator dipyridyl (180 μM) as the iron-rich (IR) and iron-deficient (ID) groups, respectively [23].

Techniques: Cell Culture, RNA Expression

Journal: Parasites & vectors

Article Title: Metabolomics analysis reveals changes related to pseudocyst formation induced by iron depletion in Trichomonas vaginalis.

doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05842-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Amino acid composition in T. vaginalis cultured in different iron concentrations. Amino acids detected in IR (closed bars) and ID (open bars) are shown (a). Significance is indicated by asterisks: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. b–d Reactions of alanine dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and threonine dehydratase are shown. Relative RNA expression levels (ID/IR) of genes are indicated in red (upregulated in ID) and green (downregulated in ID) colors [5]. IR, iron-rich; ID, iron-deficient

Article Snippet: Trichomonas vaginalis (ATCC_30236) was cultured in YIS medium containing iron (ferric ammonia citrate, 180 μM) or the iron chelator dipyridyl (180 μM) as the iron-rich (IR) and iron-deficient (ID) groups, respectively [23].

Techniques: Cell Culture, RNA Expression

Journal: Parasites & vectors

Article Title: Metabolomics analysis reveals changes related to pseudocyst formation induced by iron depletion in Trichomonas vaginalis.

doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05842-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 Alternations in dipeptide amounts in T. vaginalis cultured in different iron concentrations. The relative levels of identified dipeptides are listed in this chart. A total of 170 dipeptides were identified in this work. Dipeptides without significant differences are labeled with ◎. Dipeptides accumulated in IR cells are labeled with black-filled square, while dipeptides accumulated in ID cells are labeled with black-filled circle (P < 0.05)

Article Snippet: Trichomonas vaginalis (ATCC_30236) was cultured in YIS medium containing iron (ferric ammonia citrate, 180 μM) or the iron chelator dipyridyl (180 μM) as the iron-rich (IR) and iron-deficient (ID) groups, respectively [23].

Techniques: Cell Culture, Labeling

Journal: Parasites & vectors

Article Title: Metabolomics analysis reveals changes related to pseudocyst formation induced by iron depletion in Trichomonas vaginalis.

doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05842-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7 The proposed model of metabolic changes in T. vaginalis under iron-limited environments. Once trichomonad cells encountered iron-deficient conditions, most of the cells transformed into pseudocysts. The carbon source of the more active glycolysis was derived from glycogen hydrolysis because of the accumulation of ɑ-1,4-linked, glucose-composed oligosaccharides. The accumulation of cellobiose was a possible hint for cellulose biosynthesis, which is the crucial conformational component of pseudocysts. C18 fatty acids reduction implied incorporation into phospholipids for pseudocyst formation. Capric acid accumulation might be involved in the regulation of glycolysis or as a signaling molecule in response to iron-limited environments. Amino acid reduction likely resulted from dipeptide accumulation or incomplete proteolysis. In addition, the significant reductions in alanine, glutamate, and serine were all involved in the release of ammonia, which was likely a key resource for nitric oxide synthesis in T. vaginalis. Compounds labeled in red and green colors represent accumulation and reduction in ID cells, respectively. Gray-colored metabolites were the speculated metabolites associated with the detected compounds. The putative molecular function or pathways were labeled in blue color

Article Snippet: Trichomonas vaginalis (ATCC_30236) was cultured in YIS medium containing iron (ferric ammonia citrate, 180 μM) or the iron chelator dipyridyl (180 μM) as the iron-rich (IR) and iron-deficient (ID) groups, respectively [23].

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Derivative Assay, Labeling

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Targeting histone acetylation to overcome drug resistance in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.1101/2025.01.07.631743

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Volcano plot distribution of diffrenetially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from RNAseq analysis of B7268 and NYH209 T. vaginalis strains. DEGs was defined as |log2FC| > 1 and p-value adjusted < 0.05. B. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of molecular function for DEGs genes for each strain (left: B7268 and right: NYH209).

Article Snippet: Dora, Fla, USA 2008) [ ] and NYH209 (ATCC 50146) [ ] were cultured in Tryptose Yeast Maltose (TYM) medium [ ] supplemented with 10% fetal equine serum and 10 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Targeting histone acetylation to overcome drug resistance in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

doi: 10.1101/2025.01.07.631743

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Overlap between the more expressed genes in the MTZ-susceptible strain (NYH209) and the 1464 candidates genes plotted as Venn diagram. B Gene ontology enrichment analysis of biological processes for the 130 genes shared by NYH209 and the candidates genes.

Article Snippet: Dora, Fla, USA 2008) [ ] and NYH209 (ATCC 50146) [ ] were cultured in Tryptose Yeast Maltose (TYM) medium [ ] supplemented with 10% fetal equine serum and 10 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin.

Techniques: